Mental Health Nursing Theories Defined
For the past 20 years, nursing theories and models have been popping up in every area of the nursing field. These theories have been taught in schools and even modeled within hospitals for their employed nurses to follow. A common nursing theory lays the ground work for a logical and direct link from patient complaint to diagnoses and then on to full patient care. These theories help to asses a patients condition and plan a pathway to implement care. This frame work helps to guide a nurse so that the care that is provided to each patient is uniform and follows a similar course.
With the evolution of the nursing theory in the past years, nursing institutions not only teach specific theories but have begun to teach nurses how to formulate their own theories and models to take with them and help mold their personal theories and patient care strategies. But there is not just one standardized theory, there are theories and models for nearly every category of medicine, from pediatrics and adult medical care all the way to holistic and psychiatric medicine.
Specifically, there are two mental health nursing theories and models that are regarded in the mental health medicine. The first, and most regarded, as the Tidal model that was developed by Phil Barker and his colleagues. This model focuses on the changes within a persons being that are inherent and attempts to define the reasons for an individuals experiences. It encourages the patient to seek out their own recovery and “cure” rather than being directed by a doctor. This theory has six assumptions and ten commandments that are followed by the nurse to help understand a patients position and help guide them to the ability to change. This nursing theory also works with a universal metaphor to help the patient.
The second mental health nursing theory was offered by Sister Callista Roy which employs a six step process of care for a mental health patient. These six steps are within a four concept domains of person, environment, health and nursing. These domains and steps work together to determine care plans for patients of any age.
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